Bioponics as a Promising Approach to Sustainable Agriculture: A Review of the Main Methods for Producing Organic Nutrient Solution for Hydroponics

Hydroponics is a soilless cultivation technique in which plants are grown nutrient solution typically made from mineral fertilizers. This alternative to soil farming can be advantageous terms of and water use efficiency, plant pest management, space use. However, developing methods produce solutions based on local organic materials crucial include hydroponics within perspective sustainability. They would also allow developed any context, even remote areas or regions that do not have access commercial emerging form hydroponics, qualified as “bioponics”, recycles waste into nutrient-rich used for growth. Many been tested the past three decades, leading greatly heterogenous results yield quality. review describes main characterizes categorizes different types methods. Four categories emerged: “tea”-type method, an aerobic microbial degradation anaerobic digestion combined anaerobic-aerobic method. The advantages drawbacks each discussed, well potential lines improvement. aims at better understanding links between agronomic biochemical processes involved during production, discussing most suitable method certain and/or contexts.